Exhibit Codex
Domestic Dog
Explore the dog’s outer form, skeletal reference and 263 individually named muscle and soft-tissue meshes from the published dm_control canine model. Switch references to inspect each source clearly.
Open interactive exhibit ↗About this exhibit
Surface, bones & internal studies
Reference and coverage
Selected Massey University veterinary scans are combined with mirrored counterparts and original educational bone reconstructions. Reconstructed shapes, joint surfaces and placement are generalized, not veterinary-validated. Carpal and tarsal regions remain grouped; accessory sesamoids, dewclaws and some small structures are absent. Soft anatomy is reconstructed in the skeletal study frame. The separately authored exterior is an artistic surface; registration and specimen-specific proportions require further validation. The muscle reference replaces the earlier simplified muscle shapes with the published dm_control mesh assets. It has its own source coordinates and modeled proportions; it is shown separately from the bone scans and exterior.
Available layers
- Exterior
- Skull
- Scanned bones
- Reconstructed bones
- Muscles
- Digestive
- Urinary
- Respiratory
- Circulation
- Nervous
- Connective tissue
- Surface landmarks
Structure index
Named structures in this reference. Open the interactive Codex for additional study views and selectable records.
Lower jaw · mandible
Skull
The mandible carries the lower teeth and articulates with the temporal region of the skull. Its tall coronoid process receives the temporalis muscle. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Upper skull
Skull
The upper skull encloses the brain and nasal passages, forms the orbits and supports the upper teeth. Multiple cranial bones are fused in this source surface. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Humerus
Scanned bones
The upper forelimb bone connects the shoulder with the elbow. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Humerus · mirrored counterpart
Reconstructed bones
The upper forelimb bone connects the shoulder with the elbow. Opposite-side shape reconstructed by reflection of the available scan.
Mirrored derivative of the Massey University source scan; bilateral symmetry is assumed, not measured. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Tibia
Scanned bones
The principal weight-bearing bone between the stifle and hock. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Tibia · mirrored counterpart
Reconstructed bones
The principal weight-bearing bone between the stifle and hock. Opposite-side shape reconstructed by reflection of the available scan.
Mirrored derivative of the Massey University source scan; bilateral symmetry is assumed, not measured. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Femur
Scanned bones
The thigh bone extends from the hip to the stifle. Look for its rounded head and distal condyles. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Femur · mirrored counterpart
Reconstructed bones
The thigh bone extends from the hip to the stifle. Look for its rounded head and distal condyles. Opposite-side shape reconstructed by reflection of the available scan.
Mirrored derivative of the Massey University source scan; bilateral symmetry is assumed, not measured. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Ulna
Scanned bones
The olecranon projects behind the elbow and provides leverage for the triceps. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Ulna · mirrored counterpart
Reconstructed bones
The olecranon projects behind the elbow and provides leverage for the triceps. Opposite-side shape reconstructed by reflection of the available scan.
Mirrored derivative of the Massey University source scan; bilateral symmetry is assumed, not measured. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Atlas · C1
Scanned bones
The first cervical vertebra supports the skull and helps permit nodding at the atlanto-occipital joint. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Rib study · source R13/R9
Scanned bones
A thoracic rib scan. Conflicting source numbering prevents a secure assignment to a specific rib level. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Rib study · source R9/R1
Scanned bones
A thoracic rib scan. Conflicting source numbering prevents a secure assignment to a specific rib level. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Lumbar vertebra · L1
Scanned bones
A lower-back vertebra. Its body bears load; projecting processes provide muscle attachments. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Rib · source R4
Scanned bones
A curved element of the thoracic cage. Ribs connect dorsally with thoracic vertebrae and support the chest wall. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Radius
Scanned bones
A major weight-bearing forearm bone, paired with the ulna. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Radius · mirrored counterpart
Reconstructed bones
A major weight-bearing forearm bone, paired with the ulna. Opposite-side shape reconstructed by reflection of the available scan.
Mirrored derivative of the Massey University source scan; bilateral symmetry is assumed, not measured. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Fibula
Scanned bones
The slender lateral bone of the lower hindlimb contributes to the ankle region. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Fibula · mirrored counterpart
Reconstructed bones
The slender lateral bone of the lower hindlimb contributes to the ankle region. Opposite-side shape reconstructed by reflection of the available scan.
Mirrored derivative of the Massey University source scan; bilateral symmetry is assumed, not measured. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Rib study · source R1/R13
Scanned bones
A curved thoracic rib. The source file contains conflicting rib numbers, so this exhibit does not assign a definitive rib level. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Hip bone
Scanned bones
The pelvic bone joins the sacrum and receives the head of the femur in its acetabulum. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Hip bone · mirrored counterpart
Reconstructed bones
The pelvic bone joins the sacrum and receives the head of the femur in its acetabulum. Opposite-side shape reconstructed by reflection of the available scan.
Mirrored derivative of the Massey University source scan; bilateral symmetry is assumed, not measured. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Cervical vertebra · C7
Scanned bones
A vertebra at the base of the neck. The source object is identified as C7; its embedded mesh filename also contains T7. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Scapula
Scanned bones
Shoulder blade: its broad surface anchors shoulder muscles and its glenoid cavity meets the humerus. Source: 3D Dog Bone Project, Massey University / nzfauna.
Massey University / nzfauna, 3D Dog Bone Project. CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected source scan; not a complete specimen skeleton.
Scapula · mirrored counterpart
Reconstructed bones
Shoulder blade: its broad surface anchors shoulder muscles and its glenoid cavity meets the humerus. Opposite-side shape reconstructed by reflection of the available scan.
Mirrored derivative of the Massey University source scan; bilateral symmetry is assumed, not measured. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Axis · C2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized cervical vertebra connecting the skull-supporting atlas with the thorax. The axis includes an illustrative dens; detailed joint surfaces are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Cervical vertebra · C3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized cervical vertebra connecting the skull-supporting atlas with the thorax. The axis includes an illustrative dens; detailed joint surfaces are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Cervical vertebra · C4
Reconstructed bones
A generalized cervical vertebra connecting the skull-supporting atlas with the thorax. The axis includes an illustrative dens; detailed joint surfaces are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Cervical vertebra · C5
Reconstructed bones
A generalized cervical vertebra connecting the skull-supporting atlas with the thorax. The axis includes an illustrative dens; detailed joint surfaces are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Cervical vertebra · C6
Reconstructed bones
A generalized cervical vertebra connecting the skull-supporting atlas with the thorax. The axis includes an illustrative dens; detailed joint surfaces are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Thoracic vertebra · T1
Reconstructed bones
A chest vertebra supports the rib-bearing thorax. The neural arch encloses the vertebral canal and its dorsal process provides muscle and ligament attachment.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left rib · 01
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right rib · 01
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Thoracic vertebra · T2
Reconstructed bones
A chest vertebra supports the rib-bearing thorax. The neural arch encloses the vertebral canal and its dorsal process provides muscle and ligament attachment.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left rib · 02
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right rib · 02
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Thoracic vertebra · T3
Reconstructed bones
A chest vertebra supports the rib-bearing thorax. The neural arch encloses the vertebral canal and its dorsal process provides muscle and ligament attachment.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left rib · 03
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right rib · 03
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Thoracic vertebra · T4
Reconstructed bones
A chest vertebra supports the rib-bearing thorax. The neural arch encloses the vertebral canal and its dorsal process provides muscle and ligament attachment.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left rib · 04
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right rib · 04
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Thoracic vertebra · T5
Reconstructed bones
A chest vertebra supports the rib-bearing thorax. The neural arch encloses the vertebral canal and its dorsal process provides muscle and ligament attachment.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left rib · 05
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right rib · 05
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Thoracic vertebra · T6
Reconstructed bones
A chest vertebra supports the rib-bearing thorax. The neural arch encloses the vertebral canal and its dorsal process provides muscle and ligament attachment.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left rib · 06
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right rib · 06
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Thoracic vertebra · T7
Reconstructed bones
A chest vertebra supports the rib-bearing thorax. The neural arch encloses the vertebral canal and its dorsal process provides muscle and ligament attachment.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left rib · 07
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right rib · 07
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Thoracic vertebra · T8
Reconstructed bones
A chest vertebra supports the rib-bearing thorax. The neural arch encloses the vertebral canal and its dorsal process provides muscle and ligament attachment.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left rib · 08
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right rib · 08
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Thoracic vertebra · T9
Reconstructed bones
A chest vertebra supports the rib-bearing thorax. The neural arch encloses the vertebral canal and its dorsal process provides muscle and ligament attachment.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left rib · 09
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right rib · 09
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Thoracic vertebra · T10
Reconstructed bones
A chest vertebra supports the rib-bearing thorax. The neural arch encloses the vertebral canal and its dorsal process provides muscle and ligament attachment.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left rib · 10
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right rib · 10
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Thoracic vertebra · T11
Reconstructed bones
A chest vertebra supports the rib-bearing thorax. The neural arch encloses the vertebral canal and its dorsal process provides muscle and ligament attachment.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left rib · 11
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right rib · 11
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Thoracic vertebra · T12
Reconstructed bones
A chest vertebra supports the rib-bearing thorax. The neural arch encloses the vertebral canal and its dorsal process provides muscle and ligament attachment.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left rib · 12
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right rib · 12
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Thoracic vertebra · T13
Reconstructed bones
A chest vertebra supports the rib-bearing thorax. The neural arch encloses the vertebral canal and its dorsal process provides muscle and ligament attachment.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left rib · 13
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right rib · 13
Reconstructed bones
A generalized curved rib in the 13-pair canine rib cage. This reconstruction illustrates the numbered series; costal cartilage and exact vertebral articular facets are not modeled.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Lumbar vertebra · L2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized lumbar vertebra. The body carries load and the broad transverse processes provide attachment surfaces for trunk muscles.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Lumbar vertebra · L3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized lumbar vertebra. The body carries load and the broad transverse processes provide attachment surfaces for trunk muscles.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Lumbar vertebra · L4
Reconstructed bones
A generalized lumbar vertebra. The body carries load and the broad transverse processes provide attachment surfaces for trunk muscles.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Lumbar vertebra · L5
Reconstructed bones
A generalized lumbar vertebra. The body carries load and the broad transverse processes provide attachment surfaces for trunk muscles.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Lumbar vertebra · L6
Reconstructed bones
A generalized lumbar vertebra. The body carries load and the broad transverse processes provide attachment surfaces for trunk muscles.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Lumbar vertebra · L7
Reconstructed bones
A generalized lumbar vertebra. The body carries load and the broad transverse processes provide attachment surfaces for trunk muscles.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Sacrum · fused vertebral region
Reconstructed bones
An illustrative three-segment sacral assembly connects the vertebral column with the pelvis. Its fusion surfaces are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 01
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 02
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 03
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 04
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 05
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 06
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 07
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 08
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 09
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 10
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 11
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 12
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 13
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 14
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 15
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 16
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 17
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 18
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 19
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Caudal vertebra · 20
Reconstructed bones
One segment in an illustrative 20-vertebra tail. Actual tail length and vertebral count vary; distal vertebrae become simpler and smaller.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left metacarpal · 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized long bone in the paw, connecting the wrist or hock region with a principal digit. Its articular ends are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left forepaw · digit 2 · phalanx 1
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left forepaw · digit 2 · phalanx 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left forepaw · digit 2 · phalanx 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left metacarpal · 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized long bone in the paw, connecting the wrist or hock region with a principal digit. Its articular ends are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left forepaw · digit 3 · phalanx 1
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left forepaw · digit 3 · phalanx 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left forepaw · digit 3 · phalanx 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left metacarpal · 4
Reconstructed bones
A generalized long bone in the paw, connecting the wrist or hock region with a principal digit. Its articular ends are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left forepaw · digit 4 · phalanx 1
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left forepaw · digit 4 · phalanx 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left forepaw · digit 4 · phalanx 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left metacarpal · 5
Reconstructed bones
A generalized long bone in the paw, connecting the wrist or hock region with a principal digit. Its articular ends are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left forepaw · digit 5 · phalanx 1
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left forepaw · digit 5 · phalanx 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left forepaw · digit 5 · phalanx 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left carpal region
Reconstructed bones
A compact positional assembly at the wrist or hock. Individual carpal or tarsal bones are not yet resolved; this assembly is intentionally identified as a region.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left metatarsal · 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized long bone in the paw, connecting the wrist or hock region with a principal digit. Its articular ends are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left hindpaw · digit 2 · phalanx 1
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left hindpaw · digit 2 · phalanx 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left hindpaw · digit 2 · phalanx 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left metatarsal · 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized long bone in the paw, connecting the wrist or hock region with a principal digit. Its articular ends are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left hindpaw · digit 3 · phalanx 1
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left hindpaw · digit 3 · phalanx 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left hindpaw · digit 3 · phalanx 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left metatarsal · 4
Reconstructed bones
A generalized long bone in the paw, connecting the wrist or hock region with a principal digit. Its articular ends are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left hindpaw · digit 4 · phalanx 1
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left hindpaw · digit 4 · phalanx 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left hindpaw · digit 4 · phalanx 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left metatarsal · 5
Reconstructed bones
A generalized long bone in the paw, connecting the wrist or hock region with a principal digit. Its articular ends are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left hindpaw · digit 5 · phalanx 1
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left hindpaw · digit 5 · phalanx 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left hindpaw · digit 5 · phalanx 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left tarsal region
Reconstructed bones
A compact positional assembly at the wrist or hock. Individual carpal or tarsal bones are not yet resolved; this assembly is intentionally identified as a region.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left calcaneus study
Reconstructed bones
The calcaneal tuber projects proximally at the hock and provides leverage for the common calcaneal tendon. Generalized reconstruction.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Left patella study
Reconstructed bones
A generalized kneecap situated at the front of the stifle, within the quadriceps tendon.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right metacarpal · 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized long bone in the paw, connecting the wrist or hock region with a principal digit. Its articular ends are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right forepaw · digit 2 · phalanx 1
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right forepaw · digit 2 · phalanx 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right forepaw · digit 2 · phalanx 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right metacarpal · 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized long bone in the paw, connecting the wrist or hock region with a principal digit. Its articular ends are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right forepaw · digit 3 · phalanx 1
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right forepaw · digit 3 · phalanx 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right forepaw · digit 3 · phalanx 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right metacarpal · 4
Reconstructed bones
A generalized long bone in the paw, connecting the wrist or hock region with a principal digit. Its articular ends are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right forepaw · digit 4 · phalanx 1
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right forepaw · digit 4 · phalanx 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right forepaw · digit 4 · phalanx 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right metacarpal · 5
Reconstructed bones
A generalized long bone in the paw, connecting the wrist or hock region with a principal digit. Its articular ends are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right forepaw · digit 5 · phalanx 1
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right forepaw · digit 5 · phalanx 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right forepaw · digit 5 · phalanx 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right carpal region
Reconstructed bones
A compact positional assembly at the wrist or hock. Individual carpal or tarsal bones are not yet resolved; this assembly is intentionally identified as a region.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right metatarsal · 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized long bone in the paw, connecting the wrist or hock region with a principal digit. Its articular ends are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right hindpaw · digit 2 · phalanx 1
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right hindpaw · digit 2 · phalanx 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right hindpaw · digit 2 · phalanx 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right metatarsal · 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized long bone in the paw, connecting the wrist or hock region with a principal digit. Its articular ends are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right hindpaw · digit 3 · phalanx 1
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right hindpaw · digit 3 · phalanx 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right hindpaw · digit 3 · phalanx 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right metatarsal · 4
Reconstructed bones
A generalized long bone in the paw, connecting the wrist or hock region with a principal digit. Its articular ends are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right hindpaw · digit 4 · phalanx 1
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right hindpaw · digit 4 · phalanx 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right hindpaw · digit 4 · phalanx 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right metatarsal · 5
Reconstructed bones
A generalized long bone in the paw, connecting the wrist or hock region with a principal digit. Its articular ends are simplified.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right hindpaw · digit 5 · phalanx 1
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right hindpaw · digit 5 · phalanx 2
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right hindpaw · digit 5 · phalanx 3
Reconstructed bones
A generalized digit bone. The principal canine digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges; the distal phalanx supports the claw. Claws and small sesamoids are not included.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right tarsal region
Reconstructed bones
A compact positional assembly at the wrist or hock. Individual carpal or tarsal bones are not yet resolved; this assembly is intentionally identified as a region.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right calcaneus study
Reconstructed bones
The calcaneal tuber projects proximally at the hock and provides leverage for the common calcaneal tendon. Generalized reconstruction.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Right patella study
Reconstructed bones
A generalized kneecap situated at the front of the stifle, within the quadriceps tendon.
Original educational reconstruction by Logan Pendragon Forge. Generalized shape and placement; not a CT-derived or veterinary-validated bone. Small foramina, articular cartilage and accessory sesamoids are not represented.
Trunk
Exterior
The trunk spans the chest and abdomen between the limb girdles. The surface shows overall form, while deeper systems require a separate anatomical reference.
Artistically reconstructed exterior. Selection boundaries are interpreted surface regions, not anatomical joints or individually scanned bones. Landmark-aligned to the skeletal teaching frame using a smooth deformation; this is an approximate artistic registration, not a skin scan or validated dissection.
Right hindlimb and paw
Exterior
Follow the hip, thigh, knee and lower limb toward the foot. The surface conceals joints and supporting bones; compare it with the separate skeletal study.
Artistically reconstructed exterior. Selection boundaries are interpreted surface regions, not anatomical joints or individually scanned bones. Landmark-aligned to the skeletal teaching frame using a smooth deformation; this is an approximate artistic registration, not a skin scan or validated dissection.
Tail
Exterior
The tail extends behind the pelvis. Vertebrae form its internal support, surrounded by muscles and skin. Its posture and soft-tissue form here belong to the artistic reconstruction.
Artistically reconstructed exterior. Selection boundaries are interpreted surface regions, not anatomical joints or individually scanned bones. Landmark-aligned to the skeletal teaching frame using a smooth deformation; this is an approximate artistic registration, not a skin scan or validated dissection.
Neck and chest
Exterior
The neck connects head and trunk. It surrounds the cervical spine and carries muscles, airway and vessels; these internal structures are not established by the exterior mesh.
Artistically reconstructed exterior. Selection boundaries are interpreted surface regions, not anatomical joints or individually scanned bones. Landmark-aligned to the skeletal teaching frame using a smooth deformation; this is an approximate artistic registration, not a skin scan or validated dissection.
Left external ear
Exterior
The pinna collects sound and helps direct it into the ear canal. Its mobile cartilage supports the visible external ear; this surface study does not reconstruct the inner-ear bones.
Artistically reconstructed exterior. Selection boundaries are interpreted surface regions, not anatomical joints or individually scanned bones. Landmark-aligned to the skeletal teaching frame using a smooth deformation; this is an approximate artistic registration, not a skin scan or validated dissection.
Muzzle and nose
Exterior
The front of the face surrounds the nose and mouth. Use the surface to locate the nasal region, lips and whisker area; their appearance is reconstructed by the model artist.
Artistically reconstructed exterior. Selection boundaries are interpreted surface regions, not anatomical joints or individually scanned bones. Landmark-aligned to the skeletal teaching frame using a smooth deformation; this is an approximate artistic registration, not a skin scan or validated dissection.
Left hindlimb and paw
Exterior
Follow the hip, thigh, knee and lower limb toward the foot. The surface conceals joints and supporting bones; compare it with the separate skeletal study.
Artistically reconstructed exterior. Selection boundaries are interpreted surface regions, not anatomical joints or individually scanned bones. Landmark-aligned to the skeletal teaching frame using a smooth deformation; this is an approximate artistic registration, not a skin scan or validated dissection.
Left forelimb and paw
Exterior
Follow the shoulder, upper forelimb, elbow and lower limb toward the foot. This exterior region supplies orientation; open the skeletal study to inspect the available bone surfaces.
Artistically reconstructed exterior. Selection boundaries are interpreted surface regions, not anatomical joints or individually scanned bones. Landmark-aligned to the skeletal teaching frame using a smooth deformation; this is an approximate artistic registration, not a skin scan or validated dissection.
Right forelimb and paw
Exterior
Follow the shoulder, upper forelimb, elbow and lower limb toward the foot. This exterior region supplies orientation; open the skeletal study to inspect the available bone surfaces.
Artistically reconstructed exterior. Selection boundaries are interpreted surface regions, not anatomical joints or individually scanned bones. Landmark-aligned to the skeletal teaching frame using a smooth deformation; this is an approximate artistic registration, not a skin scan or validated dissection.
Head
Exterior
The head carries the sensory organs and jaws. Select nearby features for a closer view, or switch to the skeletal reference to examine the underlying cranial form.
Artistically reconstructed exterior. Selection boundaries are interpreted surface regions, not anatomical joints or individually scanned bones. Landmark-aligned to the skeletal teaching frame using a smooth deformation; this is an approximate artistic registration, not a skin scan or validated dissection.
Right external ear
Exterior
The pinna collects sound and helps direct it into the ear canal. Its mobile cartilage supports the visible external ear; this surface study does not reconstruct the inner-ear bones.
Artistically reconstructed exterior. Selection boundaries are interpreted surface regions, not anatomical joints or individually scanned bones. Landmark-aligned to the skeletal teaching frame using a smooth deformation; this is an approximate artistic registration, not a skin scan or validated dissection.
Read the detailed records
Open the full exhibit Codex for individual structure records and time-specific information. The Credits page lists source creators, licenses and adaptations.